Jurassic Fossil Links Ancient Crocodiles With Dolphin-Like Animals

A 180 million-year-old fossil has shed light on how some ancient crocodiles evolved into dolphin-like animals.

The specimen – featuring a large portion of backbone – represents a missing link in the family tree of crocodiles, and was one of the largest coastal predators of the Jurassic Period, researchers say.

Ancient predator

The newly discovered species was nearly five meters long and had large, pointed teeth for grasping prey. It also shared key body features seen in two distinct families of prehistoric crocodiles, the team says.

Some Jurassic-era crocodiles had bony armor on their backs and bellies, and limbs adapted for walking on land. Another group had tail fins and flippers but did not have armor.

The new species was heavily armored but also had a tail fin, suggesting it is a missing link between the two groups, researchers say.

Hungarian fossil

It has been named Magyarosuchus fitosi in honor of the amateur collector who discovered it, Attila Fitos.

The fossil – unearthed on a mountain range in north-west Hungary in 1996 and stored in a museum in Budapest – was examined by a team of paleontologists, including an Edinburgh researcher.

It was identified as a new species based on the discovery of an odd-looking vertebra that formed part of its tail fin.

The study, published in the journal PeerJ, also involved researchers in Hungary and Germany. It was supported by the Leverhulme Trust and the SYNTHESYS project, part of the European Commission’s Seventh Framework Program.

Dr. Mark Young, of the University of Edinburgh’s School of GeoSciences, who was involved in the study, said: “This fossil provides a unique insight into how crocodiles began evolving into dolphin and killer whale-like forms more than 180 million years ago. The presence of both bony armor and a tail fin highlights the remarkable diversity of Jurassic-era crocodiles.”

Reference: “A new large-bodied thalattosuchian crocodyliform from the Lower Jurassic (Toarcian) of Hungary, with further evidence of the mosaic acquisition of marine adaptations in Metriorhynchoidea” by Attila Ősi​, Mark T. Young, András Galácz and Márton Rabi, 10 May 2018, PeerJ.
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4668